Basics of Array

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Linear Array:

— Homogeneous data:

         a) Elements are represented through indexes.

         b) Elements are saved in sequential in memory locations.

— Number of elements, N –> length or size of an array.

         If:

                 UB : upper bound ( the largest index)

                 LB : lower bound (the smallest index)

         Then: N = UB – LB + 1

                   Length = N = UB when LB = 1

— All elements in A are written symbolically as, 1 .. n is the subscript.

                 A1, A2, A3, .... , An

— In FORTRAN and BASIC à A(1), A(2), ..., A(N)

— In Pascal, C/C++ and Java à A[0], A[1], ..., A[N-1]

— subscript starts from 0

                 LB = 0, UB = N–1

— Advantages of an Array:

— Very simple

— Economy – if full use of memory

— Random accessed at the same time

— Disadvantage of an Array:

— wasting memory if not fully used